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Professor Randolph Arroo

Job: School of Pharmacy Head of Research

Faculty: Health and Life Sciences

School/department: Leicester School of Pharmacy

Research group(s): Chemistry for Health

Address: De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester, LE1 9BH

T: +44 (0)116 250 6386

E: rrjarroo@dmu.ac.uk

W: https://www.dmu.ac.uk/hls

 

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Publications and outputs

 

  • Thermal degradation of (2R, 3R)-dihydromyricetin in neutral aqueous solution at 100 ℃
    dc.title: Thermal degradation of (2R, 3R)-dihydromyricetin in neutral aqueous solution at 100 ℃ dc.contributor.author: Zhang, Haolin; Lin, Shiye; Xie, Ruiwei; Zhong, Weizhi; Wang, Hui; Farag, Mohamed A.; Hussain, H,; Arroo, R. R. J.; Chen, Xiaojia; Xiao. Jianbo dc.description.abstract: In the field of thermal degradation of flavonoids, most current studies have been mainly focused on the flavonols. However, the thermal degradation of dihydroflavonols in aqueous solution have been limited studied compared to flavonols. Different from the C2-C3 double bonds of flavonols, the single C2-C3 bonds of dihydroflavonols may cause different degradation mechanisms. Dihydromyricetin (DMY) is a typical dihydroflavonol with six hydroxyl groups, and possesses various health effects. We explored the thermal degradation of DMY in neutral aqueous solution (pH 7) at 100 ℃. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography combined with photodiode array and electrospray ionization quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometric detection (UPLC-PDA ESI-QTOF–MS/MS) provided suitable platform for exploring DMY degradation pathways, and negative ion mode was applied. Thermal treatment led to a decline in DMY level with time, accompanied by the appearance of various degradation products of DMY. Degradation mechanisms of DMY included isomerization, oxidation, hydroxylation, dimerization and ring cleavage. The pyrogallol-type ring B of DMY might be initially oxidized into ortho-quinone, which could further attack another DMY to form dimers. Besides, hydroxylation is likely to occur at C-2, C-3 of DMY or DMY dimers, and then further to yield ring-cleavage products via breakage of the O1-C2 bond, C2-C3 bond, or C3-C4 bond. The 3-hydroxy-5-(3,3,5,7-tetrahydroxy-4-oxochroman-2-yl) cyclohexa-3,5-diene-1, 2-dione (m/z 333.0244) and unknown compounds m/z 435.0925 were annotated as key intermediates in DMY degradation. Four phenolic acids, including 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid (m/z 169.0136, RT 1.4 min), 2,4,6-trihydroxyphenylglyoxylic acid (m/z 197.0084, RT 1.7 min), 2-oxo-2-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl) acetaldehyde (m/z 181.0132, RT 2.4 min), and 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzoic acid (m/z 169.0139, RT 2.5 min) were identified as the major end products of DMY degradation. In addition, 5-((3,5dihydroxyphenoxy) methyl)-3-hydroxycyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-dione (m/z 261.0399, RT 11.7 min) and unidentified compound with m/z 329.0507 (RT 1.0 min) were also suggested to be end products of DMY degradation. These results provided novel insights on DMY stability and degradation products. Moreover, the heating treatment on DMY aqueous solution was found to gradually reduce the antioxidant activities of DMY, and even destroy the beneficial effect of DMY on the gut microbiota composition. dc.description: The file attached to this record is the author's final peer reviewed version. The Publisher's final version can be found by following the DOI link. Collaboration: Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China Universidade de Vigo, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, 32004, Ourense, Spain Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, United Kingdom
  • The protective effects of flavonoids and carotenoids against diabetic complications—A review of in vivo evidence
    dc.title: The protective effects of flavonoids and carotenoids against diabetic complications—A review of in vivo evidence dc.contributor.author: Jin, Yannan; Arroo, R. R. J. dc.description.abstract: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder caused either by inadequate insulin secretion, impaired insulin function, or both. Uncontrolled diabetes is characterized by hyperglycemia which over time leads to fatal damage to both macro-and microvascular systems, causing complications such as cardiovascular diseases, retinopathy and nephropathy. Diabetes management is conventionally delivered through modifications of diet and lifestyle and pharmacological treatment, using antidiabetic drugs, and ultimately insulin injections. However, the side effects and financial cost of medications often reduce patient compliance to treatment, negatively affecting their health outcomes. Natural phytochemicals from edible plants such as fruits and vegetables (F&V) and medicinal herbs have drawn a growing interest as potential therapeutic agents for treating diabetes and preventing the onset and progression of diabetic complications. Flavonoids, the most abundant polyphenols in the human diet, have shown antidiabetic effects in numerous in vitro and preclinical studies. The underlying mechanisms have been linked to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities. Carotenoids, another major group of dietary phytochemicals, have also shown antidiabetic potential in recent in vitro and in vivo experimental models, possibly through a mechanism of action similar to that of flavonoids. However, scientific evidence on the efficacy of these phytochemicals in treating diabetes or preventing the onset and progression of its complications in clinical settings is scarce, which delays the translation of animal study evidence to human applications and also limits the knowledge on their modes of actions in diabetes management. This review is aimed to highlight the potential roles of flavonoids and carotenoids in preventing or ameliorating diabetes-related complications based on in vivo study evidence, i.e., an array of preclinical animal studies and human intervention trials. The current general consensus of the underlying mechanisms of action exerted by both groups of phytochemicals is that their anti-inflammatory action is key. However, other potential mechanisms of action are considered. In total, 50 in vivo studies were selected for a review after a comprehensive database search via PubMed and ScienceDirect from January 2002 to August 2022. The key words used for analysis are type-2 diabetes (T2DM), diabetic complications, flavonoids, carotenoids, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, mechanisms of prevention and amelioration, animal studies and human interventions. dc.description: open access article
  • Use of herbal appetite suppressants to aid weight loss
    dc.title: Use of herbal appetite suppressants to aid weight loss dc.contributor.author: Kuntawala, Dhivani H.; Arroo, R. R. J.; Jin, Yannan dc.description.abstract: Aim: Obesity has become a common health problem worldwide and is a major risk factor for noncommunicable diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, musculoskeletal disorders, and some cancers. Thus, weight loss has become a hot topic within the general discussion on health and well-being, and many products are marketed as aids in weight loss. This presentation aims to raise awareness about the role herbal supplements may play in weight management as part of a healthy lifestyle. Methodology: A systematic review of recent peer-reviewed literature on the application of herbal materials or specialised plant metabolites in weight management. Results: A range of herbal products and specialised metabolites is used in weight loss: some increase human metabolic rate, others act as inhibitors of digestion of either fats or carbohydrates, whereas a third group affects the process appetite. The latter can be achieved through creating the sensation of satiety or by other mechanisms that suppress appetite. Conclusions: Whereas various products are commonly marketed as aids to weight loss, there is currently little scientific consensus on their efficacy or on potential adverse effects of herbal supplements.
  • Interactions of Candida tropicalis pH-related antigen 1 with Complement Proteins C3, C3b, factor-H, C4BP and Complement Evasion
    dc.title: Interactions of Candida tropicalis pH-related antigen 1 with Complement Proteins C3, C3b, factor-H, C4BP and Complement Evasion dc.contributor.author: Valand, Nisha; Gazioglu, Ozcan; Yesilkaya, Hasan; Shivkumar, Maitreyi; Horley, Neill; Arroo, R. R. J.; Wallis, Russell; Kishore, Uday; Venkatraman Girija, Umakhanth dc.description.abstract: Candida, as a part of the human microbiota, can cause opportunistic infections that are either localised or systemic candidiasis. Emerging resistance to the standard antifungal drugs is associated with increased mortality rate due to invasive Candida infections, particularly in immunocompromised patients. While there are several species of Candida, an increasing number of Candida tropicalis isolates have been recently reported from patients with invasive candidiasis or inflammatory bowel diseases. In order to establish infections, C. tropicalis has to adopt several strategies to escape the host immune attack. Understanding the immune evasion strategies is of great importance as these can be exploited as novel therapeutic targets. C. albicans pH-related antigen 1 (CaPra1), a surface bound and secretory protein, has been found to interact strongly with the immune system and help in complement evasion. However, the role of C. tropicalis Pra1 (CtPra1) and its interaction with the complement is not studied yet. Thus, we characterised how pH-related antigen 1 of C. tropicalis (CtPra1) interacts with some of the key complement proteins of the innate immune system. CtPra1 was recombinantly produced using a Kluyveromyces lactis yeast expression system. Recombinant CtPra1, was found to bind human C3 and C3b, central molecules of the complement pathways that are important components of the innate immune system. It was also found to bind human complement regulatory proteins factor-H and C4b-binding protein (C4BP). CtPra1-factor-H and CtPra1-C4BP interactions were found to be ionic in nature as the binding intensity affected by high sodium chloride concentrations. CtPra1 inhibited functional complement activation with different effects on classical (∼20 %), lectin (∼25 %) and alternative (∼30 %) pathways. qPCR experiments using C. tropicalis clinical isolates (oral, blood and peritoneal fluid) revealed relatively higher levels of expression of CtPra1 gene when compared to the reference strain. Native CtPra1 was found to be expressed both as membrane-bound and secretory forms in the clinical isolates. Thus, C. tropicalis appears to be a master of immune evasion by using Pra1 protein. Further investigation using in-vivo models will help ascertain if these proteins can be novel therapeutic targets. dc.description: The file attached to this record is the author's final peer reviewed version. The Publisher's final version can be found by following the DOI link.
  • Best Practice in the chemical characterisation of extracts used in pharmacological and toxicological research—The ConPhyMP—Guidelines
    dc.title: Best Practice in the chemical characterisation of extracts used in pharmacological and toxicological research—The ConPhyMP—Guidelines dc.contributor.author: Heinrich, Michael; Jalil, Banaz; Abdel-Tawab, Mona; Echeverria, Javier; Kulić, Žarko; McGaw, Lyndy J.; Pezzuto, John M.; Potterat, Olivier; Wang, Jia-Bo; Appendino, Giovanni; Arroo, R. R. J.; Atanasov, Atanas G.; Barron, Denis; Bauer, Rudolf; Cañigueral, Salvador; Efferth, Thomas; Fürst, Robert; Izzo, Angelo A.; Kelber, Olaf; Kemper, Kathi; Monagas, Maria; Pendry, Barbara; Pereda-Miranda, Rogelio; Rollinger, Judith; Russo, Alessandra; Verpoorte, Robert; Visioili, Francesco; Vollmer, Günter; Wohlmuth, Hans dc.description.abstract: Background: Research onmedicinal plants and extracts derived fromthem differs from studies performed with single compounds. Extracts obtained from plants, algae, fungi, lichens or animals pose some unique challenges: they are multicomponent mixtures of active, partially active and inactive substances, and the activity is often not exerted on a single target. Their composition varies depending on the method of preparation and the plant materials used. This complexity and variability impact the reproducibility and interpretation of pharmacological, toxicological and clinical research. Objectives: This project develops best practice guidelines to ensure reproducibility and accurate interpretations of studies using medicinal plant extracts. The focus is on herbal extracts used in pharmacological, toxicological, and clinical/intervention research. Specifically, the consensus-based statement focuses on defining requirements for: 1) Describing the plant material/herbal substances, herbal extracts and herbal medicinal products used in these studies, and 2) Conducting and reporting the phytochemical analysis of the plant extracts used in these studies in a reproducible and transparent way. The process and methods: We developed the guidelines through the following process: 1) The distinction between the three main types of extracts (extract types A, B, and C), initially conceptualised by the lead author (MH), led the development of the project as such; 2) A survey among researchers of medicinal plants to gather global perspectives, opportunities, and overarching challenges faced in characterising medicinal plant extracts under different laboratory infrastructures. The survey responses were central to developing the guidelines and were reviewed by the core group; 3) A core group of 9 experts met monthly to develop the guidelines through a Delphi process; and. 4) The final draft guidelines, endorsed by the core group, were also distributed for feedback and approval to an extended advisory group of 20 experts, including many journal editors. Outcome: The primary outcome is the “Consensus statement on the Phytochemical Characterisation of Medicinal Plant extracts“ (ConPhyMP) which defines the best practice for reporting the starting plant materials and the chemical methods recommended for defining the chemical compositions of the plant extracts used in such studies. The checklist is intended to be an orientation for authors in medicinal plant research as well as peer reviewers and editors assessing such research for publication dc.description: The Advisory group on Consensus statement on the Phytochemical Characterisation of Medicinal Plant extracts (ConPhyMP) is a consortium of experts on Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry open access article
  • Effect of the Citrus Flavone Nobiletin on Circadian Rhythms and Metabolic Syndrome
    dc.title: Effect of the Citrus Flavone Nobiletin on Circadian Rhythms and Metabolic Syndrome dc.contributor.author: Neba Ambe, Gael Noel Neh; Breda, Carlo; Bhambra, Avninder Singh; Arroo, R. R. J. dc.description.abstract: The importance of the circadian clock in maintaining human health is now widely acknowledged. Dysregulated and dampened clocks may be a common cause of age-related diseases and metabolic syndrome Thus, circadian clocks should be considered as therapeutic targets to mitigate disease symptoms. This review highlights a number of dietary compounds that positively affect the maintenance of the circadian clock. Notably the polymethoxyflavone nobiletin has shown some encouraging results in pre-clinical experiments. Although many more experiments are needed to fully elucidate its exact mechanism of action, it is a promising candidate with potential as a chronotherapeutic agent. dc.description: Invited review paper for a special issue of Molecules on "Biological Activities of Natural Products III" (Halina Ekiert & Agnieszka Szopa, eds.) open access article
  • In Vitro and in Silico Investigation of DNA Interaction, Topoisomerase I and II Inhibitory Properties of Polydatin
    dc.title: In Vitro and in Silico Investigation of DNA Interaction, Topoisomerase I and II Inhibitory Properties of Polydatin dc.contributor.author: Şöhretoğlu, Didem; Barut, Burak; Sari, Suat; Özel, Arzu; Kuruüzüm-Uz, Ayşe; Arroo, R. R. J. dc.description.abstract: Polydatin or piceid, is the 3-O-glucoside of resveratrol and is found abundantly in grapes, peanuts, wine, beer, and cacao products. Although anti-cancer-activity of polydatin was reported before, and potential antiproliferative mechanisms of polydatin have been proposed, its direct effects on DNA and inhibitory potential against topoisomerase enzymes have remained unknown. In this study we aimed to reveal the link between polydatin’s effects on DNA and DNA-topoisomerases and its antiproliferative promise. For this purpose, we evaluated the effects of polydatin on DNA and DNA topoisomerase using in vitro and in silico techniques. Polydatin was found to protect DNA against Fenton reaction-induced damage while not showing any hydrolytic nuclease effect. Further, polydatin inhibited topoisomerase II but not topoisomerase I. According to molecular docking studies, polydatin preferably showed minor groove binding to DNA where the stilbene moiety was important for binding to the DNA-topoisomerase II complex. As a result, topoisomerase II inhibition might be another anti-cancer mechanism of polydatin. dc.description: Collaboration between: Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Trabzon, Turkey Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey Karadeniz Technical University, Drug and Pharmaceutical Technology Application and Research Center, Trabzon, Turkey De Montfort University, Leicester School of Pharmacy, The Gateway, Leicester, LE1 9BH, United Kingdom The file attached to this record is the author's final peer reviewed version. The Publisher's final version can be found by following the DOI link.
  • Inactivation of the Complement Lectin Pathway by Candida tropicalis Secreted Aspartyl Protease-1
    dc.title: Inactivation of the Complement Lectin Pathway by Candida tropicalis Secreted Aspartyl Protease-1 dc.contributor.author: Valand, Nisha; Brunt, Emily; Gazioglu, Ozcan; Yesilkaya, Hasan; Mitchell, Daniel; Horley, Neill; Arroo, R. R. J.; Kishore, Uday; Wallis, Russell; Venkatraman Girija, Umakhanth dc.description.abstract: Candida tropicalis is an opportunistic fungal pathogen and is one of the most frequently isolated non-albicans species. It can cause localised as well as invasive systemic infections particularly in immunocompromised patients. Increased resistance to common anti-fungal drugs is an emerging problem. In order to establish disseminated infections, Candida has evolved several strategies to escape the host immune system. A detailed understanding of how C. tropicalis escapes the host immune attack is needed as it can help develop novel anti-fungal therapies. Secreted aspartyl proteinases (Saps) of C. albicans have been shown to be determinants of virulence and immune evasion. However, the immune evasion properties of C. tropicalis Saps have been poorly characterised. This study investigated the immune evasion properties of C. tropicalis secreted aspartic protease 1 (Sapt1). Sapt1 was recombinantly produced using a Kluyveromyces lactis yeast expression system. A range of complement proteins and immunogloublins were screened to test if Sapt1 had any proteolytic activity. Sapt1 efficiently cleaved human mannose-binding lectin (MBL) and collectin-11, which are the initiating molecules of the lectin pathway of the complement system, but not l-ficolin. In addition, Sapt1 cleaved DC-SIGN, the receptor on antigen presenting dendritic cells. Proteolysis was prominent in acidic condition (pH 5.2), a characteristic of aspartyl protease. No proteolytic activity was detected against complement proteins C1q, C3, C3b, IgG and IgA. In view of the ability of Sapt1 to cleave MBL and collectin-11, we found that Sapt1 could prevent activation of the complement lectin pathway. RT-qPCR analysis using three different C. tropicalis clinical isolates (oral, blood and peritoneal dialysis fluid) revealed relatively higher levels of mRNA expression of Sapt1 gene when compared to a reference strain; Sapt1 protein was found to be secreted by all the tested strains. Lectin pathway and its initiating components are crucial to provide front line defence against Candida infections. For the first time, we have shown that a Candida protease can proteolytically degrade the key initiating components of lectin pathway and inhibit complement activation. Findings from this study highlight the importance of exploring Sapt1 as a potential therapeutic target. We conclude that C. tropicalis secretes Sapt1 to target the complement lectin pathway, a key pattern recognition and clearance mechanism, for its survival and pathogenesis. dc.description: open access article
  • Stability profiling and degradation products of dihydromyricetin in Dulbecco's modified eagle's medium.
    dc.title: Stability profiling and degradation products of dihydromyricetin in Dulbecco's modified eagle's medium. dc.contributor.author: Zhang, H. L.; Wang, M. L.; Yi, L. Z.; Högger, P.; Arroo, R. R. J.; Bajpai, V. K.; Prieto, M. A.; Chen, X. J.; Simal-Gandara, J.; Coa, H. dc.description.abstract: Dihydromyricetin has shown many bioactivities in cell level. However, dihydromyricetin was found to be highly instable in cell culture medium DMEM. Here, the underlying degradation mechanism was investigated via UPLC-MS/MS analysis. Dihydromyricetin was mainly converted into its dimers and oxidized products. At lower temperature, dihydromyricetin in DMEM showed higher stability. Vitamin C increased the stability of dihydromyricetin in DMEM probably due to its high antioxidant potential. dc.description: Joint project: Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China Faculty of Agriculture and Food, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie, Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany De Montfort University – Leicester School of Pharmacy, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, 30 Pildong-ro 1-gil, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo - Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
  • Lacto-fermented polypeptides integrated with edible coatings for mango (Mangifera indica L.) bio-preservation
    dc.title: Lacto-fermented polypeptides integrated with edible coatings for mango (Mangifera indica L.) bio-preservation dc.contributor.author: Ranjith, Fernando H.; Muhialdin, Belal J.; Arroo, R. R. J.; Yusof, Noor Liyana; Mohammed, Nameer K.; Meor Hussin, Anis Shobirin dc.description.abstract: Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is one of the most important tropical fruits due to its pleasant taste and high nutrient content including vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals. Post-harvest fungal diseases, mainly anthracnose, stem-end rot, and aspergillus rot are among the major problems in mango provision throughout all the supply chain stages. Fungal diseases create large economic losses and present a health risk for consumers due to the production of mycotoxins (aflatoxin and patulin). In the last two decades, chemical methods for fungal control have been prevalent because of their low cost and simple practicing features. However, recent consumer trends and regulations have limited the use of chemicals in fruits at the post-harvest stage. Bio-preservation is a promising alternative technique applied to control the post-harvest fungi with high safety for the consumer and environment. Antifungal polypeptides are made by different living beings including bacteria, fungi, protozoa, plants, invertebrates, and vertebrates. Polypeptides including small peptides produced by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have a higher potential to employ as food bio-preservatives due to their promising antifungal ability with generally recognized as safe (GRAS) status. Lacto-fermented polypeptides inhibit a broad range of fungal growth, and thus enhance the quality and extend the shelf life through reducing biotic stress, respiration, and ethylene biosynthesis of post-harvested fruits. Recently, polypeptides, mainly bioactive peptides, and bacteriocins received great attention for their potential bio-preservation activity against pathogenic fungi in fruits. Moreover, the development of edible coating enhanced the stability of the bioactive polypeptides and expanded their applications for fruit preservation. This article reviews the fungi associated with main mango diseases, major causal organisms, antifungal activity of LABs’ polypeptides on mango, and their antifungal performances to control the postharvest mango spoilage. Besides, this review highlights the potential applications of Lacto-fermented polypeptides-enriched edible coating to control the pathogenic fungi of mango. dc.description: Joint review with authors from Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia Food Research Unit, Department of Agriculture, Sri Lanka De Montfort University, United Kingdom University of Tikrit, Tikrit, Iraq

Click here for a full listing of Randolph Arroo's publications and outputs. 

Research interests/expertise

  • Phytochemistry
  • Natural products
  • Pharmacognosy 
  • Alkaloids
  • Lignans
  • Sesquiterpenes
  • Anticancer drugs
  • Malaria 

Areas of teaching

  • Chemistry of medicinal natural products
  • Phytotherapy, complementary and alternative medicine 

Membership of professional associations and societies

Conference attendance

International Symposium on Phytochemicals in Medicine and Food (ISPMF 2015), Shanghai, China, June 26-29 2015 – Invited key note lecture: ‘Dietary Flavonoids and The Prevention of Degenerative Diseases’.

 

University of L'Aquila, Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, L’Aquila, Italy, 13-15 April 2015 – Visiting professor lecture: ‘Chemopreventive effects of orange peel extract’.

 

International Conference on Natural products in Cancer Therapy. Naples, 25-28 June 2013 – Invited key note lecture: ‘Phytoestrogens as natural prodrugs in cancer prevention: Towards a mechanistic model’.

 

Dana Centre/Science Museum, London, 8 November 2012 – Public lecture: ‘Shakespeare's Medicine Cabinet’.

 

International Conference on Natural Anticancer Drugs. Olomouc, Czech Republic, 30 June – 4 July, 2012 – Invited key note lecture: ‘Plant cell factories: Industrial revolution or green revolution?’

 

International Conference of Folk and Herbal Medicine. Udaipur (Rajasthan), 25-27 November, 2010 – Invited key note lecture: ‘Self treatment of malaria with preparations of Artemisia annua Linn.’

Current research students

Saeed Nazir (1st supervisor)

Externally funded research grants information

February 2011 - July 2011 Removal of Chewing Gum using Nut-based Compounds, funded by the EMDA Innovation Fellowship

October 2009 - July 2010 Phytochemicals Conference 2010, funded by paying delegates

July 2009 - August 2009 Antibacterial Compounds from Osha root (Ligusticum porteri), funded by the Nuffield Foundation

August 2008 - September 2008 Exploration of Cow Parsley (Anthriscus Sylvestris) funded by the Nuffield Foundation

March 2006 - April 2010 Development of Artemisia annua Linn as a UK crop for the production of antimalarial medicine, funded by DEFRA-LINK

Professional esteem indicators

  • Phytotherapy Research - Editorial Board
  • Phytochemical Analysis - Editorial Board
  • Plant Resources of Tropical Africa / Medicinal Plants - Co-editor

Case studies

High-artemisia-yielding Artemisia annua cultivars developed in Dr. Arroo's DEFRA-LINK project (see Externally funded research grants information) are now commercially grown in Madagascar.