Dr Ana Christancho

Job: Research Fellow (ERC Justice Project)

School/department: Leicester De Montfort Law School

Address: De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester, LE1 9BH

T: 07862468332

E: ana.cristancho@dmu.ac.uk

 

Personal profile

Ana is a Postdoctoral Research Fellow on the JUSTICE project at De Montfort University, where she investigates coercive and abusive investigative interviewing practices. She holds a PhD in Security and Crime Science and an MSc in Countering Organised Crime and Terrorism from University College London, an MA in Political Studies from the National University of Colombia, and a BA in Sociology from Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Colombia.
Her research examines coercion and violence as mechanisms of governance, with a particular interest in why coercive strategies produce unintended consequences and the conditions under which policing becomes criminogenic. Her work spans state and non-state forms of coercion. Her earlier research explored violence and governance by armed and criminal groups in conflict-affected societies. More recently, she has focused on state violence, law enforcement militarisation, and their implications for human rights, legitimacy and democratic governance. Her doctoral research examined the determinants and consequences of law enforcement militarisation through cross-national comparative analysis.
Ana has an interdisciplinary background in sociology, political science and crime science. Her research primarily employs quantitative methods, including longitudinal and cross-national analysis, structural equation modelling and causal inference approaches. She has a particular interest in measurement, data construction and the challenges of producing valid and comparable evidence across countries, alongside experience with qualitative and computational methods.

Research group affiliations

ERC Justice Project

Publications and outputs

Peer-Reviewed Journal Articles

  • Cristancho, A., Bradford, B., & Pósch, K. (2026). Crime control or power projection? Explaining the contemporary militarisation of nation states' coercive apparatus between 2011 and 2021. Defence and Peace Economics, 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/10242694.2026.2669156

Manuscripts Under Review

  • Cristancho, A. The Logic of Hard Coercion: Militarisation and the Reconfiguration of Democratic Sanctioning. Theoretical Criminology. [Under Peer Review]
  • Cristancho, A. Civilian Capital and the Allocation of Violence: Agency and Governance under Colombian Paramilitaries. Civil Wars. [Under Peer Review]
  • Cristancho, A. How the State Hits: Coercive Intensity, Protest Repression, and Terrorist Backlash. Terrorism and Political Violence. [Under Peer Review]
  • Cristancho, A. Restraint, Combat Roles, and Human-Rights Abuse: Cross-National Evidence on Policing and Militarisation. Current Issues in Criminal Justice. [Under Peer Review]

Book Chapters

  • Salazar, G., & Cristancho, A. (2016). Regional chapter “Meta.” In A. Dávila, G. Salazar, & A. González (Eds.), The Conflict in Context. Bogotá: Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Press. ISBN 978-958-716-9393.

Books and Institutional Publications

Data and Replication Materials

  • Cristancho, A. M., Bradford, B., & Pósch, K. (2026). Why Military Deterrence Fails Against Terrorism: Evidence from a Cross-National Analysis, 2011–2021. OSF. https://osf.io/twbr3/
  • Cristancho, A. M. (2026). When Soldiers Police: Operational Militarisation and Lethal State Violence in Democracies: Replication Data and Code. OSF. https://osf.io/gb67z/
  • Cristancho, A. M. (2026). Replication package for “The Harder the State Hits: Coercive Intensity, Protest Repression, and Terrorist Backlash”. OSF. https://osf.io/ztsb9/
  • Cristancho, A. M. (2026). Policing with Fear: The Militarisation–Human Rights Violations Nexus: Replication Dataset. OSF. https://osf.io/uhm2t/
  • Cristancho, A. M. (2025). Predictors of Militarisation, 2011–2021. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15849650
  • Cristancho, A. M. (2014–present). Justicia y Paz Paramilitary Governance Dataset: Event-level dataset of 3,900+ paramilitary–civilian interactions coded from 31 transitional justice sentences. OSF.

Research interests/expertise

  • State coercion, political violence and governance
  • Police militarisation and its intended and unintended consequences
  • Coercive and abusive investigative interviewing
  • Policing, human rights and institutional legitimacy
  • Armed and criminal governance in conflict-affected societies
  • Comparative and cross-national research
  • Quantitative methods, panel data analysis and causal inference
  • Measurement modelling, data construction and cross-national comparability

Qualifications

  • PhD in Security and Crime Science, University College London, United Kingdom
  • MSc in Countering Organised Crime and Terrorism, University College London, United Kingdom
  • MA in Political Studies, National University of Colombia, Colombia
  • BA in Sociology, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Colombia

Honours and awards

  • GESIS Junior Research Call Award — GESIS, Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences — 2026
  • Competitive research award supporting the project Documenting Data Quality in LLM-Assisted Event Extraction: A Replicable Framework Applied to the Justicia y Paz Paramilitary Governance Dataset.
  • Doctoral Studies Overseas Scholarship — Colombian Ministry of Science — 2021
  • Competitive government scholarship for doctoral study abroad; awarded to 10 of 150 non-STEM applicants.
  • Colfuturo Scholarship — Merit-based Postgraduate Study — 2023 & 2020
  • Simón Bolívar National Journalism Award — Best Investigative Journalism — 2020
  • Awarded to the InSight Crime investigative team for The Invisible Drug Lord: Hunting ‘The Ghost’ (Research Team Member).
  • Best GPA Award — Department of Sociology, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana — 2010

Conference attendance

Conference Presentations

  • 7th Annual Conference, Latin American Peace Science Society (LAPSS) | 2026 Bogotá, Colombia
  • The De-democratising Effects of Security Militarisation: Why Extreme Coercion (Almost Always) Fails and Backfires
  • The Unintended Consequences of Militarisation on Human Rights: A Global Quantitative Analysis of Extrajudicial Killings
  • International Conference: Policing, Militarisation and Authoritarianism | 2026
  • Buenos Aires, Argentina | University of Warwick & Universidad Nacional del Litoral
  • Crime Control or Power Projection? Explaining Contemporary Militarisation, 2011–2021
  • Democracy and Its Perils Conference — Queen Mary University of London | 2026 London, UK | Centre for Governance and Democracy
  • When Deterrence Backfires: Militarisation and Democratic Sanctioning
  • 26th Annual Conference of the European Society of Criminology | 2026 Warsaw, Poland | 9–12 September 2026
  • Cristancho, A. M., Bradford, B., & Pósch, K. Crime Control or Power Projection? Explaining the Contemporary Militarisation of Nation States’ Coercive Apparatus Between 2011–2021.
  • Cristancho, A. M., Bradford, B., & Pósch, K. The Militarised Policing–Extrajudicial Killings Nexus: Evidence from a Global Cross-National Analysis.
  • Cristancho, A. M. The Logic of Hard Coercion: Militarisation and the Reconfiguration of Democratic Sanctioning.

Poster Presentations

  • Cristancho, A. (2026). Cross-National Operationalisation of Militarisation: Beyond Material Proxies — A Multidimensional Index. KODAQS Academy Data Safari Program, GESIS – Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences, Munich, Germany.
  • Cristancho, A. (2024). Predictors of Militarisation: A Cross-National Analysis. 15th International Crime Science Conference (ICSC), University College London, London, UK.
  • Cristancho, A. M. (2026). Measuring the Convergence of Coercive Roles: A New Composite Index from Multi-Source Data Integration to Study the Militarisation of the Coercive Apparatus. 26th Annual Conference of the European Society of Criminology, Warsaw, Poland, 9–12 September 2026.
  • Cristancho, A. M. (2026). From War Crimes Testimonies to Event Data: Validating LLM-Assisted Extraction from Judicial Texts. 26th Annual Conference of the European Society of Criminology, Warsaw, Poland, 9–12 September 2026.