Dr Philippe Wilson

Job: Associate Professor, Reader in Biological Chemistry and Cheminformatics

Faculty: Health and Life Sciences

School/department: Leicester School of Pharmacy

Research group(s): Chemistry for Health

Address: De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester, LE1 9BH

T: +44 116257 7631

E: philippe.wilson@dmu.ac.uk

W: http://www.philippewilson.co.uk

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Personal profile

Philippe is an Associate Professor and Reader in Biological Chemistry and Cheminformatics in the Leicester School of Pharmacy at De Montfort University. Achieving First Class Honours in an Undergraduate Masters of Chemistry at the University of Bath, he progressed to complete a Ph.D under the supervision of Professor Ian H. Williams within the Computational Chemistry Section at Bath.

His work focussing on isotope effect calculations and the link between models and supramolecular systems, Philippe moved to DMU to further develop the theory and basis of contemporary isotope effect calculations. Working with groups across the UK and Europe, the Computational Biochemistry section at DMU is swiftly progressing, with work ranging from in depth electronic structure theory, through to biomineralisation and nucleation processes. Research in the Wilson lab considers the transition of miniturised technologies into the rapid and reliable early detection of metabolic conditions, grouping expertise from disciplines including engineering, translational medicine, and experimental and computational chemical analysis.

Philippe is a Fellow of the Higher Education Academy, Member of the Royal Societies of Chemistry and Biology, and regularly attends conferences across the UK and EU to present novel and innovative research. Additionally, he has been elected as a Fellow of the Linnean Society of London; the world's oldest extant biological institution.

In 2018 Philippe was named as one of the top 30 Scientists under 30 in Europe by the prestigious Forbes Magazine. He is Chair of the Royal Society of Biology East Midlands Branch, and member of the FAnGR committee at Defra.

The group's research is funded by a number of prestigious bodies including Cancer Research UK, The Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, The Science and Technologies Facilities Council, and The Royal Society.

In 2019, Philippe was named as one of the top 118 young chemists internationally by IUPAC, the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, in the Periodic Table of Younger Chemists, which brings together early career academics from across the world and highlights diversity and excellence within the field. For more information see link below:

Dr Philippe Wilson - IUPAC #PTChemists

Research group affiliations

Biomedical and Environmental Health
Medicinal Chemistry
Bioanalytical Chemistry
Pharmacology
Chemistry for Health

Publications and outputs

Errors in DFT Integration Grids and Their Potential Impact on Chemical Shift Calculations
Errors in DFT Integration Grids and Their Potential Impact on Chemical Shift Calculations Wilson, Philippe B.; Grootveld, M.; Kamerlin, S. C. L. The file attached to this record is the author's final peer reviewed version. The Publisher's final version can be found by following the DOI link.
Benchtop NMR Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis of the cis- and trans-Stilbene Products of the Wittig Reaction
Benchtop NMR Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis of the cis- and trans-Stilbene Products of the Wittig Reaction Edgar, Mark; Percival, Benita; Gibson, Miles; Masania, Jinit; Beresford, Ken; Wilson, Philippe B.; Grootveld, M. Benchtop NMR spectrometers are now becoming more widely employed in university teaching laboratories. These low-field instruments are increasingly used in reaction monitoring and product purity applications. NMR spectra obtained using these spectrometers (40–80 MHz) tend to suffer from significant overlap of signals when compared to those obtained at 300–400 MHz or above, and therefore, some reactions may be less suited to analysis using such benchtop systems. While some reactions can be modified to make them more amenable to analysis on low-field benchtop spectrometers, the fact remains that many common undergraduate laboratory chemistry reactions remain as a stalwart of the university education system. Therefore, there is currently a major requirement for benchtop NMR analysis to improve in order to facilitate student understanding. Herein, it is demonstrated that a combination of spectral analysis and simulation at low-fields (40–80 MHz) allows the fine structure of second-order effects and overlapping spectra to be deduced, enabling an improved understanding of the low-field benchtop NMR technique within undergraduate student cohorts. The evolution of well-resolved and distinct multiplets at 400 MHz to complex, overlapping multiplets at 40–80 MHz also serves as a useful guide for laboratory demonstrators and academic staff when explaining the advantages of such benchtop systems. The Wittig reaction has been a standard reaction practical session in many university teaching laboratories since the 1980s, the products of which are a mixture of cis- and trans-stilbenes. This reaction serves as an ideal example of how benchtop NMR spectrometers and analysis can support chemistry teaching laboratories. The file attached to this record is the author's final peer reviewed version. The Publisher's final version can be found by following the DOI link.
Molecular Composition of and Potential Health Benefits Offered by Natural East African Virgin Sunflower Oil Products: A 400 MHz 1H NMR Analysis Study
Molecular Composition of and Potential Health Benefits Offered by Natural East African Virgin Sunflower Oil Products: A 400 MHz 1H NMR Analysis Study Percival, B.; Savel, Etienne; Ampem, G.; Gibson, M.; Edgar, Mark; Jafari, F.; Frederick, Kianna; Woodason, Katy; Wilson, Philippe B.; Grootveld, M. Objectives: Sunflower oil (SFO) is regularly employed for cosmetic, emollient and food frying purposes, the latter representing its foremost use globally. Therefore, full investigations of the molecular composition and quality of sunflower oil products are a major requirement. In this study, high-field 1H NMR analysis was employed to explore the molecular composition and authenticities of East African virgin (EAV) SFO products, particularly their acylglycerol fatty acid contents, together with those of selected minor constituents. Results acquired were statistically compared to those acquired on commercially-available, EU-approved refined SFO products via NMR-linked multivariate chemometrics strategies. Methodology: High-field 1H NMR spectra of EAV and refined SFOs (n = 55 and 4 respectively) were acquired at an operating frequency of 400 MHz. Their triacylglycerol fatty acid, triacylglycerol hydrolysis product, and sterol and stanol contents were determined via intelligent frequency bucketing and electronic integration of selected resonances. Univariate analysis-of-variance, and multivariate ROC curve evaluations were conducted to determine the magnitude and statistical significance of analyte concentration differences between these two sample classifications. Further multivariate NMR-linked chemometrics analyses such as principal component, random forest and support vector machine classification analyses were also utilised for this purpose. Key Results: Multicomponent 1H NMR analysis demonstrated that EAV SFOs had significantly higher and lower contents of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), respectively, than those of refined SFOs. Furthermore, significantly higher concentrations of ‘health-friendly’, cholesterol-blocking sterols and stanols were also found in these virgin products. Major Conclusions: 1H NMR analysis provides much valuable molecular information regarding the composition and virginal status of SFOs. The high [MUFA]:[PUFA] content ratio of unrefined EAV SFO products renders them more suitable and safer for commercial or domestic deep-frying episodes than refined SFOs (MUFAs are much more resistant to thermally-induced peroxidation than PUFAs). These products also potentially offer valuable health benefits in view of their high natural sterol and stanol contents. open access article
Progress in Low Field Benchtop NMR Spectroscopy in Chemical and Biochemical Analysis
Progress in Low Field Benchtop NMR Spectroscopy in Chemical and Biochemical Analysis Grootveld, M.; Percival, B.C.; Osman, Y.; Edgar, Mark; Molinari, M.; Mather, M.L.; Casanova, F.; Wilson, Philippe B. The employment of spectroscopically-resolved NMR techniques as analytical probes have previously been both prohibitively expensive and logistically challenging in view of the large sizes of high-field facilities. However, with recent advances in the miniaturisation of magnetic resonance technology, low-field, cryogen-free “benchtop” NMR instruments are seeing wider use. Indeed, these miniaturised spectrometers are utilised in areas ranging from food and agricultural analyses, through to human biofluid assays and disease monitoring. Therefore, it is both intrinsically timely and important to highlight current applications of this analytical strategy, and also provide an outlook for the future, where this approach may be applied to a wider range of analytical problems, both qualitatively and quantitatively. The file attached to this record is the author's final peer reviewed version. The Publisher's final version can be found by following the DOI link.
Low-Field, Benchtop NMR Spectroscopy as a Potential Tool for Point-of-Care Diagnostics of Metabolic Conditions: Validation, Protocols and Computational Models
Low-Field, Benchtop NMR Spectroscopy as a Potential Tool for Point-of-Care Diagnostics of Metabolic Conditions: Validation, Protocols and Computational Models Percival, B.C.; Grootveld, M.; Gibson, M.; Osman, Y.; Molinari, M.; Jafari, F.; Sahota, T. S.; Martin, M.; Casanova, F.; Mather, M.L.; Edgar, M.; Masania, J.; Wilson, Philippe B. Novel sensing technologies for liquid biopsies offer promising prospects for the early detection of metabolic conditions through omics techniques. Indeed, high-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) facilities are routinely used for metabolomics investigations on a range of biofluids in order to rapidly recognise unusual metabolic patterns in patients suffering from a range of diseases. However, these techniques are restricted by the prohibitively large size and cost of such facilities, suggesting a possible role for smaller, low-field NMR instruments in biofluid analysis. Herein we describe selected biomolecule validation on a low-field benchtop NMR spectrometer (60 MHz), and present an associated protocol for the analysis of biofluids on compact NMR instruments. We successfully detect common markers of diabetic control at low-to-medium concentrations through optimised experiments, including α-glucose (≤2.8 mmol/L) and acetone (25 µmol/L), and additionally in readily accessible biofluids, particularly human urine. We present a combined protocol for the analysis of these biofluids with low-field NMR spectrometers for metabolomics applications, and offer a perspective on the future of this technique appealing to ‘point-of-care’ applications. open access article
Three-Dimensional Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships of Essential Oils as Antimicrobial Agents
Three-Dimensional Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships of Essential Oils as Antimicrobial Agents Owen, Lucy; Laird, Katie; Wilson, Philippe B.
Computational modelling of a caged methyl cation: structure, energetics and vibrational analysis
Computational modelling of a caged methyl cation: structure, energetics and vibrational analysis Wilson, Philippe B.; Williams, Ian H. DFT calculations for CH3+ within a constrained cage of water molecules permit the controlled manipulation of distances rax and req to “axial” and “equatorial” waters. Equatorial CH···O interactions catalyze methyl transfer (MT) between axial waters. Variation in rax has a greater effect on CH bond lengths and stretching force constants in the symmetric SN2-like transition structures than variation in req. In-plane bending frequencies are insensitive to these variations in cage dimensions, but axial interactions loosen the out-of-plane bending mode (OP) whereas equatorial interactions stiffen it. Frequencies for rotational and translational motions of CH3+ within the cage are influenced by rax and req. In particular, translation of CH3+ in the axial direction is always coupled to cage motion. With longer rax, CH3+ translation is coupled with asymmetric CO bond stretching, but with shorter rax, it is also coupled with OP (equivalent to the umbrella mode of trigonal bipyramidal O···CH3+···O); the magnitude of the imaginary MT frequency increases steeply as rax diminishes. This coupling between CH3+ and its cage is removed by eliminating the rows and columns associated with cage atoms from the full Hessian to obtain a reduced Hessian for CH3+ alone. Within a certain range of cage dimensions, the reduced Hessian yields a real frequency for MT. The importance of using a Hessian large enough to describe the reaction coordinate mode correctly is emphasized for modeling chemical reactions and particularly for kinetic isotope effects in enzymic MT. The file attached to this record is the author's final peer reviewed version. The Publisher's final version can be found by following the DOI link
Q6: A comprehensive toolkit for empirical valence bond and related free energy calculations
Q6: A comprehensive toolkit for empirical valence bond and related free energy calculations Bauer, Paul; Barrozo, Alexandre; Purg, Miha; Amrein, Beat Anton; Esguerra, Mauricio; Wilson, Philippe B.; Major, Dan Thomas; Aqvist, Johan; Kamerlin, Shina Caroline Lynn Atomistic simulations have become one of the main approaches to study the chemistry and dynamics of biomolecular systems in solution. Chemical modelling is a powerful way to understand biochemistry, with a number of different programs available to perform specialized calculations. We present here Q6, a new version of the Q software package, which is a generalized package for empirical valence bond, linear interaction energy, and other free energy calculations. In addition to general technical improvements, Q6 extends the reach of the EVB implementation to fast approximations of quantum effects, extended solvent descriptions and quick estimation of the contributions of individual residues to changes in the activation free energy of reactions. Open access article
Structure-activity modelling of essential oils, their components, and key molecular parameters and descriptors
Structure-activity modelling of essential oils, their components, and key molecular parameters and descriptors Laird, Katie; Owen, Lucy; Wilson, Philippe B. Many essential oil components are known to possess broad spectrum antimicrobial activity, including against antibiotic resistant bacteria. These compounds may be a useful source of new and novel antimicrobials. However, there is limited research on the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of essential oil compounds, which is important for target identification and lead optimization. This study aimed to elucidate SARs of essential oil components from experimental and literature sources. Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) of essential oil components were determined against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus using a microdilution method and then compared to those in published in literature. Of 12 essential oil components tested, carvacrol and cuminaldehyde were most potent with MICs of 1.98 and 2.10 mM, respectively. The activity of 21 compounds obtained from the literature, MICs ranged from 0.004 mM for limonene to 36.18 mM for α-terpineol. A 3D qualitative SAR model was generated from MICs using FORGE software by consideration of electrostatic and steric parameters. An r2 value of 0.807 for training and cross-validation sets was achieved with the model developed. Ligand efficiency was found to correlate well to the observed activity (r2 = 0.792), while strongly negative electrostatic regions were present in potent molecules. These descriptors may be useful for target identification of essential oils or their major components in antimicrobial/drug development. The file attached to this record is the author's final peer reviewed version. The Publisher's final version can be found by following the DOI link.
Teaching Analytical Chemistry to Pharmacy Students: A Combined, Iterative Approach
Teaching Analytical Chemistry to Pharmacy Students: A Combined, Iterative Approach Masania, J.; Grootveld, M.; Wilson, Philippe B. Analytical chemistry has often been a difficult subject to teach in a classroom or lecture-based context. Numerous strategies for overcoming the inherently practical-based difficulties have been suggested, each with differing pedagogical theories. Here, we present a combined approach to tackling the problem of teaching analytical chemistry, with particular emphasis on inherently practice-based cohorts such as pharmacists. A composite visual, interactive, didactic, and practical approach is presented, in which students are able to fully engage with the teaching/training materials within numerous contexts. From unit evaluations, student–staff liaison committee feedback, and an analysis of marks issued from virtual learning environment quizzes, the enthusiasm of the students for such an approach is found to correlate with their understanding of the topic. The broad outline of the course is included as an example. The file attached to this record is the author's final peer reviewed version. The Publisher's final version can be found by following the DOI link.

To see a full list of Philippe's publications and outputs please click here.

Key research outputs

Grootveld, M., Percival, B., Gibson, M., Osman, Y., Edgar, M., Molinari, M., Mather, M.L., Casanova, F. and Wilson, P.B., 2019. Progress in Low-Field Benchtop NMR Spectroscopy in Chemical and Biochemical Analysis. Analytica Chimica Acta.
Percival, B., Grootveld, M., Gibson, M., Osman, Y., Molinari, M., Jafari, F., Sahota, T., Martin, M., Casanova, F., Mather, M. and Edgar, M., 2019. Low-Field, Benchtop NMR Spectroscopy as a Potential Tool for Point-of-Care Diagnostics of Metabolic Conditions: Validation, Protocols and Computational Models. High-throughput, 8(1), p.2.
Wilson, P.B. and Williams, I.H., 2016. Influence of equatorial CH⋅⋅⋅ O interactions on secondary kinetic isotope effects for methyl transfer. Angewandte Chemie, 128(9), pp.3244-3247.
Wilson, P.B., 2017. Recent advances in avian egg science: A review. Poultry science, 96(10), pp.3747-3754.
Williams, I.H. and Wilson, P.B., 2017. SULISO: The Bath suite of vibrational characterization and isotope effect calculation software. SoftwareX, 6, pp.1-6.

Research interests/expertise

Biological Chemistry and Cheminformatics

Medical Technologies
Translational Medicine
Miniaturisation for Early Detection of Disease
Isotope Effects in Chemistry and Biology
Computational Inorganic Catalysis
Electronic structure method development
Biomineralisation
Computational prediction of experimental spectra

Areas of teaching

Physical Chemistry
Organic Chemistry
Theoretical Chemistry
Analytical Chemistry

Qualifications

Ph.D, Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bath (2017)
MChem(Hons) First Class, University of Bath (2014)
PGCert Learning & Teaching in Higher Education (2019)
Fellow of the Higher Education Academy

Courses taught

PHAR 2604 – Contemporary Analytical Chemistry
PHAR 3604 - Advanced Analytical Chemistry
MSc Pharmaceutical Biotechnologies - Bioinformatics II

Honours and awards

YMF Prize Lecture 2015
UBCD Seasonal Teaching Award
Vice-Chancellor's Distinguished Teaching Award Nominee 2017, 2018
Fellow of the Linnean Society of London
Forbes Magazine 30 under 30 in Science & Healthcare, Europe
IUPAC Periodic Table of Younger Chemists

Membership of external committees

Trustee of the PCGB
Early Career Representative for the Royal Society of Chemistry
Chair, Royal Society of Biology EMB Committee
DEFRA FAnGR Committee

Membership of professional associations and societies

Member of the Royal Society of Chemistry
Member of the Royal Society of Biology
Member of the American Chemical Society
Member of the Molecular Graphics and Modelling Society
Fellow of the Linnean Society of London

Professional licences and certificates

Certificate in Research Supervision

Projects

Miniaturisation of Biomedical Technologies and Improved Tests for Early Detection of Diseases

We have recently been working together with our collaborators in the Grootveld group, NHS Clinical Entrepreneur Scheme and Low Field NMR manufacturer, Magritek, for the early detection of metabolic conditions through Low field NMR. This has led to significant publicity in the press:

Pioneering technology for the detection of diseases arrives at DMU

Innovative technology could predict diabetes 10 years before diagnosis

EU Medical Group News Story

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Quantum Leapers: Optically Detected Magnetic Resonance for the Early Detection of Breast Cancer

In partnership with Prof Mel Mather at the University of Nottingham, and collaborating with Dr Mangesh Thorat (QMUL, London), Prof Jacqui Shaw (University of Leicester) and Dr Vic James (University of Nottingham), the team are funded by a CRUK-EPSRC-STFC partnership to explore the use of small, portable diamond sensors in the early detection of breast cancer through liquid biopsy.

Science & Technologies Facilities Council Website

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Towards Optically Efficient, Ambient Hyperpolarisation for Low Field NMR

This project funded by The Royal Society as a proof-of-principle seeks to better understand the possibilities of NMR hyperpolarisation by employing small defects in diamonds. Building on the strong collaborations with the group of Prof Mel Mather at the University of Nottingham, the team will test a number of proposed implementations for application to signal enhancement in low field NMR spectrometry.

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NMR-based Metabolomics Approaches in the Assessment of Feed and Livestock Production

In collaboration with Dr Emily Burton at Nottingham Trent University, fluid samples from feeds and livestock are assessed to consider the effect of diet and environmental factors on production.

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Computational Techniques for Analytical Chemistry & Bioanalysis: Royal Society of Chemistry Theoretical & Computational Series

Co-Edited by Dr Philippe Wilson and Prof Martin Grootveld, this work regroups chapters from international leaders in their field. An extract from the inside cover is included below.

"As analysis, in terms of detection limits and technological innovation, in chemical and biological fields has developed so computational techniques have advanced enabling greater understanding of the data. Indeed, it is now possible to simulate spectral data to an excellent level of accuracy, allowing chemist and biologists access to robust and reliable analytical methodologies both experimentally and theoretically.

This work will serve as a definitive overview of the field of computational simulation as applied to analytical chemistry and biology, drawing on recent advances as well as describing essential, established theory. Computational approaches provide additional depth to biochemical problems, as well as offering alternative explanations to atomic scale phenomena. Highlighting the innovative and wide-ranging breakthroughs made by leaders in computational spectrum prediction and the application of computational methodologies to analytical science, this book is for graduates and postgraduate researchers showing how computational analytical methods have become accessible across disciplines. Contributed chapters originate from a group of internationally-recognised leaders in the field, each applying computational techniques to develop our understanding of and supplement the data obtained from experimental analytical science."

Forthcoming events

Royal Society of Biology Postgraduate Poster Competition

Conference attendance

Euroscience Open Forum. Toulouse. July 2018
Royal College of Physicians Annual Conference: Innovation in Medicine. London. June 2018.
UK QSAR Group Meeting, University of Cardiff. April 2018.
CP2K UK User Meeting, University of Lincoln. January 2018
Young Modeller's Forum 2017, Royal Naval College, Greenwich. December 2017.
P. B. Wilson, Proceedings of the 2017 Computational Molecular Science Conference, Warwick, UK, 2017. Isotope Effects in Chemistry and Biology
I. H. Williams and P. B. Wilson, Proceedings of the 23rd IUPAC Conference on Physical Organic Chemistry, Sydney, Australia, 2016. Isotope Effect Calculations in the Supramolecular Age
P. B. Wilson and I. H. Williams, Proceedings of the Royal Society of Chemistry Theoretical Chemistry Group Conference 2016, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, 2016. Isotope Effect Calculations in the Supramolecular Age
P. B. Wilson and I. H. Williams, Proceedings of the 2015 Young Modellers' Forum, Royal Naval College, Greenwich, London 2015. The Secret Life of the Methyl Cation
P. B. Wilson and I. H. Williams, Abstracts of the 2014/15 NSCCS User Meeting, Imperial College London, 2015. The effect of implicit solvation and anharmonic corrections on vibrational frequencies in Gaussian 09
P. B. Wilson, I.Greig, P. Weaver, M. Sato, M. Roca, V. Moliner, I. Tunon and I. H. Williams, Abstracts of the 22nd IUPAC International Conference on Physical Organic Chemistry, Ottawa, 2014. Solvent effects on isotope effects: computational modelling of methyl transfer in solution and in enzyme
P. B. Wilson and I. H. Williams, Abstracts of the 3rd High Performance Computing Symposium, Bath, 2014.Solvent effects on isotope effects: the methyl group as a model system

Current research students

Rupika Gulati, 2019 - 2022
Miles Gibson, (with M. Grootveld), 2018 - 2021
Yasan Osman, 2018-2021
Angela Allen, (with M. Grootveld), 2017 - 2020
Anwesha Das, (2018-2021)
Thomas Bateman-Price (lead supervisor: Prof Mel Mather, University of Nottingham), 2018-2021)
Steve Odoemelam, 2019-2022
Hanan Hadid, MSc research project

Externally funded research grants information

The Royal Society, Research Grants: "Towards Optically Efficient, Ambient Hyperpolarisation for Low Field NMR" - £14,958
Cancer Research UK - EPSRC - STFC Early Detection Committee Award: "Quantum Leapers: Optically detected magnetic resonance for the early detection of breast cancer" - £100k
ARCHER Instant Access Project: Quantum Chemical Aspects of Reaction Dynamics: 1500 kAu
SITA Funded "Multicomponent High-Resolution NMR Evaluations of African Virgin/Extra Virgin Sunflower Oils": with M.Grootveld - £53,100
ITC UN "High-Resolution ¹H and ¹³C NMR Investigations of the Molecular Nature and Authenticities of African Virgin Sunflower Oil Products": with M. Grootveld ~ £60,000
Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Grant: with M. Grootveld ~ £6,000 p.a.; rolling
EPSRC Tier 2 High Performance Computing Grant (PI): "Computational modelling of novel CYP1B1 inhibitors": 725,760 core hours / ~ £123k

Internally funded research project information

2017 PhD Studentship: Uncovering the Secrets of the Eggshell: Answering the Age-Old Question - £19,000
2017/18 HEIF Grant with M. Grootveld: "Design, Development, and Elucidation of the Mechanisms of Action of Novel Silver(I)-Amine/Diamine Complexes for Dental Caries Treatment: A Silver Lining for Oral Healthcare" - £14,990

Professional esteem indicators

ACS Reviewer Lab Certification
Co-Editor, BPS 7th Edition
Co-Editor, Computational Techniques for Analytical Chemistry & Bioanalysis
Reviewer, ACS, T&F, Oxford, EES, Springer

Case studies

FORBES 30 Under 30 Award

30 Under 30 honorees are judged on leadership and disruption; entrepreneurial mind-set and results; and the likelihood of changing their field over the next half-century. To qualify for the list, honorees must have a strong connection to Europe. Their connection to the continent is determined through citizenship, birth or residence.

Click here for DMU Article

Click here for Royal Society of Biology Article

Click here for Royal Society of Chemistry Article

Click here for link to Forbes website

Philippe Wilson