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Professor Larry Goodyer

Job: Professor of Pharmacy Practice

Faculty: Health and Life Sciences

School/department: Leicester School of Pharmacy

Address: De Montfort, University, The Gateway, Leicester, LE1 9BH.

T: +44 (0)116 250 6100

E: lgoodyer@dmu.ac.uk

W: https://www.dmu.ac.uk/hls

 

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Personal profile

Larry Goodyer is Professor of Pharmacy Practice at the School of Pharmacy at De Montfort University UK. He worked as a clinical pharmacist through much of the 1980s and early 90s and until 2003 was Head of the Pharmacy Practice group at King’s College London.

His principal interest is within the field of travel medicine, in which he is keen to promote the role of pharmacists. He has lectured and taught widely on Travel Medicine to both Health professionals and the public and has been invited to address both national and international conferences on the subject, as well as appearances on television and radio broadcasts.Related research interests include methods for bite avoidance and medical supplies for overseas travel.

More broadly in his capacity as a Professor of Pharmacy Practice he has been involved in research and teaching on a wide range of issues related to the profession of Pharmacy. These include new roles for pharmacists such as prescribing and medicines management.

Research group affiliations

Pharmacy Practice

Publications and outputs

  • Stability of Human Coronavirus OC43 on Leather and Viral Transfer to Different Surfaces
    Stability of Human Coronavirus OC43 on Leather and Viral Transfer to Different Surfaces Shivkumar, Maitreyi; Adkin, Pat; Owen, Lucy; Patel, Jenish; Shantharamu, Usha; Goodyer, Larry; Laird, Katie Aims: This study aimed to investigate the stability of HCoV-OC43 on leather and transfer to other surfaces and to determine the antiviral activity of a silver-based leather coating. Methods and Results: The infectivity of HCoV-OC43 (6.6 log10 TCID50) on patent, nubuck, full-grain calf and corrected grain leathers (untreated and silver-coated) was measured over 72 hours by titration on BHK-21 cells. Recovery from pig skin (8-9 log10 TCID50) was also assessed. Transfer of infectious HCoV-OC43 from leather onto cardboard and stainless steel (0-48 hours post-inoculation) was quantified. HCoV-OC43 remained infectious for 6-48 hours on patent, finished and calf leathers; no infectious HCoV-OC43 was recovered from nubuck at 0 hours. Silver coating of full-grain calf and corrected grain leathers significantly reduced HCoV-OC43 infectivity (p≤0.05) after 2 hours, where no infectious virus was recovered. Transfer of HCoV-OC43 (≤3.1-5.5 log10) was detected from calf, finished and patent leather onto stainless steel and carboard up to 2 hours after inoculation, while no transfer was detected for silver-coated leathers at 2 hours. Leather has also been utilised as a skin surrogate for investigating fomite transmission. HCoV-OC43 was reduced by 4.71 log10 on pig skin at 0 hours, in a similar trend to highly absorbent nubuck leather. Conclusions: Human coronaviruses remain infectious on leather for up to 48 hours and transfer onto cardboard and stainless steel up to 2 hours post-inoculation. Absorbency contributes to the recovery/persistence of HCoV-OC43 on surfaces. A silver-based leather coating demonstrated antiviral activity and limited viral transfer onto other surfaces. Significance of Study: This investigation suggests that leather could pose a risk of indirect transmission of human coronaviruses; this is of significance for settings where there is close contact with leathers such as in manufacturing, retail and domestic environments. A silver-based leather coating demonstrated antiviral activity and limited viral transfer onto other surfaces, reducing the potential for indirect transmission from leathers. Shivkumar, M., Adkin, P., Owen, L., Patel, J., Shantharamu, U., Goodyer, L. and Laird, K. (2022) Stability of Human Coronavirus OC43 on Leather and Viral Transfer to Different Surfaces. SfAM Early Career Scientist Research Symposium, Cardiff, 20th June 2022.
  • Microemulsification of essential oils for the development of antimicrobial and mosquito repellent functional coatings for textiles
    Microemulsification of essential oils for the development of antimicrobial and mosquito repellent functional coatings for textiles Soroh, Anita; Owen, Lucy; Rahim, Noor; Masania, Jinit; Abioye, Amos; Qutachi, Omar; Goodyer, Larry; Shen, Jinsong; Laird, Katie Aims: To develop an essential oil (EO)-loaded textile coating using an environmentally-friendly microemulsion technique to achieve both antimicrobial and mosquito repellent functionalities. Methods and Results: Minimum inhibitory concentrations and fractional inhibitory concentrations of litsea, lemon and rosemary EOs were determined against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Trichophyton rubrum. A 1:2 mixture of litsea and lemon EOs inhibited all the microorganisms tested and was incorporated into chitosan-sodium alginate assembly by a microemulsification process. The EO-loaded microemulsions were applied to cotton and polyester fabrics using a soak-pad-dry method. The textile challenge tests demonstrated 7-8 log10 reductions of S. epidermidis, S. aureus and E. coli after 24 h and T. rubrum after 48 h. Aedes aegypti mosquito repellency was also assessed which demonstrated 71.43% repellency compared to 52.94% by neat EO-impregnated cotton. Conclusions: Textiles treated with the litsea and lemon EO microemulsion showed strong antimicrobial activity against the skin associated microorganisms E. coli, S. aureus, S. epidermidis and T. rubrum and potential mosquito repellent properties. Significance of Study: EOs could be useful for the development of natural, environmentally-friendly functional textiles to protect textiles and users from microbial contamination in addition to possessing other beneficial properties such as mosquito repellency. open access article Soroh, A., Owen, L., Rahim, N., Masania, J., Abioye, A., Qutachi, O., Goodyer, L., Shen, J. and Laird, K. (2021) Microemulsification of essential oils for the development of antimicrobial and mosquito repellent functional coatings for textiles. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 131 (6) pp. 2808-2820
  • Characterisation of Actions of p-menthane-3,8 diol (PMD) Repellent Formulations against Aedes aegypti mosquitoes
    Characterisation of Actions of p-menthane-3,8 diol (PMD) Repellent Formulations against Aedes aegypti mosquitoes Goodyer, Larry; Grootveld, Martin; Deobhankar, Kedar; Debboun, Mustapha; Philip, Manju Background Characterisation of mosquito repellents using arm-in-cage tests are performed by assessing the ED95, half-life and complete protection times (CPT). This study fully characterises p-menthane-3,8 diol PMD which has not been widely studied, and a long-acting formulation containing a PMD-vanillin composite. Method A series of arm in cage tests against Aedes aegypti aegypti (Dipera-Culicidae) strain mosquitoes were devised using 6 volunteers to estimate CPT or 10 to estimate the effective dose (ED95) and half-life for three repellents: 20% DEET, 30% PMD and a novel 30% PMD-vanillin formulation. Non-linear Regression analysis was used to characterise the relationship between applied dose and CPT. were also estimated Results PMD and DEET showed a very similar log dose relationship to CPT; however, the PMD-vanillin formulation exhibited a sigmoidal ‘S-shape’ relationship. This resulted in a 1.5 times higher CPT for PMD-vanillin compared to that of 20% DEET when applied at a dose of 1.6mg/cm2, but little difference at lower doses of 0.8-1mg/cm2. The ED95 value for the 30% PMD and PMD-vanillin formulations were 0.25 and 0.24 mg/cm2 respectively, these being higher than that for 20% DEET (0.09 mg/cm2). The half-lives for 30% PMD and 20% DEET were similar (2.23 vs. 2.74 hrs.), but longer for the PMD-vanillin formulations (3.8 hrs.). Conclusion Such a full characterisation for other repellent formulations, particularly those claiming extended longevity, should be conducted in order to identify differences at various applied doses. The file attached to this record is the author's final peer reviewed version. The Publisher's final version can be found by following the DOI link. Goodyer, I.L., Grootveld, M., Deobhankar, K., Debboun, M., Philip, M. (2020) Characterisation of Actions of p-menthane-3,8 diol (PMD) Repellent Formulations against Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 114 (9), pp. 687-692
  • Personalised warfarin dosing in children post cardiac surgery
    Personalised warfarin dosing in children post cardiac surgery Goodyer, Larry; Rivers, Peter; O'Hare, Linda; Young, Sanfui; Mulla, Hussain; Metwali, B. Warfarin dosing is challenging due to a multitude of factors affecting its pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD). A novel personalised dosing algorithm predicated on a warfarin PK/PD model and incorporating CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genotype information has been developed for children. The present prospective, observational study aimed to compare the model with conventional weight-based dosing. The study involved 2 groups of children post cardiac surgery: Group 1 were warfarin naïve, in whom loading and maintenance doses were estimated using the model over a 6-month duration and compared to historical case matched controls. Group 2 were already established on maintenance therapy and randomised into a cross-over study comparing the model with conventional maintenance dosing, over a 12-month period. Five patients enrolled in Group 1. Compared to the control group, the median time to achieve the first therapeutic INR was longer (5 vs 2 days), to stable anticoagulation was shorter (29.0 vs 96.5 days), to over-anticoagulation was longer (15.0 vs 4.0 days). Also, median percentage of INRs within the target range (%ITR) and percentage of time in therapeutic range (%TTR) was higher; 70% vs 47.4% and 83.4% vs 62.3%, respectively. Group 2 included 26 patients. No significant differences in INR control were found between model and conventional dosing phases; mean %ITR was 68.82% versus 67.9% (p=0.84) and mean %TTR was 85.47% versus 80.2% (p=0.09), respectively. The results suggest model-based dosing can improve anticoagulation control, particularly when initiating and stabilising warfarin dosing. Larger studies are needed to confirm these findings. open access article Al-Metwali, B., Rivers, P., Goodyer, L., O'Hare, L.,Younf, S., Mulla, H. (2019) Personalised warfarin dosing in children post cardiac surgery. Pediatric Cardiology,
  • Pharmacy Travel Health Services in Canada: Experience of Early Adopters
    Pharmacy Travel Health Services in Canada: Experience of Early Adopters Thidrickson, Doug; Goodyer, Larry Since 2007, community pharmacists in Canada have become increasingly involved in delivering Travel Health services, including the recommendation and administration of vaccines. This qualitative scoping survey examines some of the activities and opinions of those early pharmacist adopters delivering these services. A Survey Monkey free text questionnaire was emailed to pharmacists who were involved in delivering travel medicine services. 21 pharmacists responding represented seven Canadian provinces. Only 5 pharmacists estimated that they were seeing five or more patients a week on average. Amongst the challenges they faced the most quoted was lack of time when running a busy pharmacy (62%) a lack of prescribing authority, (52%), and lack of access to public health vaccines (52%). ‘Word of mouth’ was widely quoted as a means of developing the service, indicating a good patient satisfaction. Also expressed were the advantages of convenience in terms of being a ‘one stop shop’, ease of billing to insurance companies and convenient appointment times. There are a number of challenges which are still to be faced which may be resolved by further legislation allowing access to public health vaccines and more widespread prescribing rights. The relatively low level of consultations reported by some is of concern if those pharmacists are to maintain competence. open access article Thidrickson, D., Goodyer, L. (2019) Pharmacy Travel Health Services in Canada: Experience of Early Adopters. Pharmacy, 7(39),
  • The provision of prescription only medicines for use on United Kingdom based overseas expeditions
    The provision of prescription only medicines for use on United Kingdom based overseas expeditions Moore, James K.; Ladbrook, Matthew; Goodyer, Larry; Dallimore, Jon Expedition teams without accompanying medical professionals traveling overseas from the United Kingdom frequently carry medical kits containing Prescription Only Medicines (POMs). Access to safe, basic POMs whilst on expedition is important, as the quality and availability of medicines in-country may not be acceptable and delay in treatment may be hazardous. At present there is no published guidance relating to drug acquisition and administration in these situations. In the UK, a number of different practices are currently in use, with uncertainty and medico-legal concerns currently hampering safe and efficient provision of POMs on overseas expeditions. A guideline is proposed for the management of prescription only medications in an expedition setting. Royal Geographic Society collaboration Moore, J.K. et al. (2017) The provision of prescription only medicines for use on United Kingdom based overseas expeditions. Wilderness and Environmental Medicine, 28 (3), pp. 219-224
  • The Leicester Hospital and De Montfort University Clinical Pharmacy Internship programme for Chinese Pharmacists
    The Leicester Hospital and De Montfort University Clinical Pharmacy Internship programme for Chinese Pharmacists Aboo, A.; Goodyer, S.; Murphy, A.; Goodyer, Larry; Lakhani, Neena Aboo, A., Lakhani, N., Goodyer, L., Goodyer, S., Murphy, A. (2017) The Leicester Hospital and De Montfort University Clinical Pharmacy Internship programme for Chinese Pharmacists. In: Yizhong, Y. (ed) Unforgettable Journey by Chinese Pharmacists studying and visiting abroad. Peoples medical publishing house.
  • Is it what it says on the packet? ATR FTIR provides a rapid answer to counterfeit tablet formulations
    Is it what it says on the packet? ATR FTIR provides a rapid answer to counterfeit tablet formulations Lawson, Graham; Turay, Edward; Armitage, R.; Goodyer, Larry; Tanna, Sangeeta Lawson G, Turay E, Armitage R, Goodyer L, Tanna S. (2014) Is it what it says on the packet? ATR FTIR provides a rapid answer to counterfeit tablet formulations. British Global and Travel Health Association Journal, 23, pp. 55-57.
  • Mosquito bite avoidance attitudes and behaviours on travellers at risk of malaria
    Mosquito bite avoidance attitudes and behaviours on travellers at risk of malaria Goodyer, Larry; Song, J. Mosquito bite prevention is an important strategy to reduce the risk of contracting malaria and advice on the methods available should be offered in pre travel consultations. This study examines the attitudes of a cohort of UK travelers to the various bite avoidance strategies and the extent to which they are practiced when visiting malaria endemic areas. This was a retrospective cohort study of United Kingdom travelers over 18 years of age returning from malaria endemic areas. Those who agreed to participate were emailed a Web based questionnaire on their return to the UK. The questionnaire consisted of items relating to attitudes to bite avoidance measures and malaria and the use of bite avoidance measures whilst away. 132 travelers completed the questionnaire representing a 51% response rate. Frequent use of repellents (69%) was higher than covering the arms (49%) and legs (56%), or using insecticide vaporisers (16%), sprays (24%) and bed nets (32%). Those under the age of 30 tended to use bite avoidance less frequently. Gender, purpose and duration of travel were also found to influence the use of particular measures. A reliable 17 point attitude to bite avoidance questionnaire (Cronbach’s alpha=0.70) was constructed and a sub scale score indicated that attitudes influenced the use of repellents. The use of measures to avoid mosquito bites on retiring and covering arms and legs needs to be further emphasised to travelers. The attitude scales described could be a useful tool in practice and research into this area Goodyer LI. and Song J. (2014) Mosquito bite avoidance attitudes and behaviours on travellers at risk of malaria. Journal of Travel Medicine, 21 (1), pp. 33-38
  • Estimation of the dose of insect repellent applied to exposed skin.
    Estimation of the dose of insect repellent applied to exposed skin. Goodyer, Larry; Patel, S. Goodyer, L. and Patel, S. (2011) Estimation of the dose of insect repellent applied to exposed skin. BTHA Journal, 17 pp. 49-51

Click here for a full listing of Larry Goodyer‘s publications and outputs.

Research interests/expertise

Travel Medicine

The current active research streams in travel medicine are:

  • Methods and practice of bite avoidance
  • Practice and policy in running UK based travel clinics. In particular engagement by pharmacists with travel medicine
  • Pharmacy Practice and Education.

Areas of teaching

  • Clinical Pharmacy
  • Pharmacy Practice
  • Travel Medicine.

Qualifications

UK registered Pharmacist 

Honours and awards

  • Rufus A Lyman Award 2003 American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy - Best paper in the American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education
  • Best Review in the Journal of Travel Medicine 2010.

Membership of external committees

  • National Travel Health Network and Centre Advisory Group (2004-2007)
  • GSK Malaria Advisory Panel (2004 – present)
  • Centre for Postgraduate Pharmacy Education Advisory Board  2007-2009
  • Specialist Library for Ethnicity and Health Advisory Board 2007-present
  • Advisory Committee of Malaria Chemoprophylaxis (HPA)
  • Committee of the International Society of Travel Medicine Pharmacist Professional Group.

Membership of professional associations and societies

  • Elected Fellow of the Faculty of Travel Medicine, Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow.
  • Vice Chair of the British Travel Health Association.
  • Member of the Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain.
  • Fellow of the Royal Geographic Society
  • Fellow of the Faculty of Travel Medicine Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow
  • Fellow of the International Society of Travel Medicine

Conference attendance

Recent Abstracts and Poster:

Larry Goodyer, Vicky Wong, Kate Keen, Paul F Long. Testing of SteriPEN, a portable ultraviolet light water purifier, using water samples collected from the environment. NECTM 2008 Helsinki

S. Walsh, Goodyer L. Bactericidal Activity of H20-NO Hand Rub Formulations against Escherichia coli. ISTM 2009 Budapest.

Goodyer LI, Bank L. "Vaccinations in Travel Clinics – Who is Responsible?” ISTM 2009 Budapest.

Dawoud D, Goodyer LI. Pharmacists’ views and experiences of implementing Supplementary Prescribing: a qualitative investigation British Pharmaceutical Conference. Manchester 2009.

Goodyer LI. Attitudes and use of mosquito bite avoidance measures by travellers to malaria endemic areas 17th European Society for Vector Ecology Conference Wroclaw, Poland 2010.

Pharmacists in Travel Medicine Workshop. Conference of the International Society of Travel Medicine Boston 2011.

Pharmacists in Travel Medicine. FIP Hyderabad 2011.

Consultancy work

  • GSK
  • Norgine
  • Sigma Tau.
  • Nomad Clinics and Travel stores UK

Current research students

Neenah Lakhani 2nd Supervisor.

Professional esteem indicators

Chair of the British Global and Travel Heath Association

Editorial Board Journal of Travel Medicine

 

Larry Goodyer